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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Analytisches Signal</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Ein <b>analytisches Signal</b> ist in der <a href="Signaltheorie" title="Signaltheorie">Signaltheorie</a> eine <a href="Komplexe_Zahl" title="Komplexe Zahl">komplexwertige</a> <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a> der Zeit, dessen Imaginärteil die <a href="Hilbert-Transformation" title="Hilbert-Transformation">Hilbert-Transformierte</a> des Realteils ist. Die Bezeichnung <i>analytisch</i> drückt aus, dass die Funktion im Komplexen differenzierbar ist (siehe <a href="Analytische_Funktion" title="Analytische Funktion">analytische Funktion</a>). Hieraus ergibt sich, dass im Spektrum eines analytischen Signals im Gegensatz zu einem reellen Signal keine <a href="Negative_Frequenz" title="Negative Frequenz">negativen Frequenzen</a> auftreten. Das analytische Signal stellt einen Spezialfall aus der Gruppe der <a href="Monogenes_Signal" title="Monogenes Signal">monogenen Signale</a> dar.
</p><p>Anwendungen von analytischen Signalen in der <a href="Signalverarbeitung" title="Signalverarbeitung">Signalverarbeitung</a> liegen im Bereich der <a href="Einseitenbandmodulation" title="Einseitenbandmodulation">Einseitenbandmodulation</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>

<p>Ist <i>x</i>(<i>t</i>) ein reelles Zeitsignal mit seiner <a href="Fourier-Transformation" title="Fourier-Transformation">Fourier-Transformierten</a> <i>X</i>(jω), dann kann daraus ein Spektrum <i>X</i><sub>a</sub>(jω) mit rein positiven Frequenzen gewonnen werden, indem eine Multiplikation mit der <a href="Heaviside-Funktion" title="Heaviside-Funktion">Sprungfunktion</a> σ(ω) erfolgt.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{a}(\mathrm {j} \omega )&amp;=X(\mathrm {j} \omega )\cdot 2\sigma _{\frac {1}{2}}(\omega )\\&amp;=X(\mathrm {j} \omega )+X(\mathrm {j} \omega )\cdot \operatorname {sgn}(\omega )\end{aligned}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{a}(\mathrm {j} \omega )&amp;=X(\mathrm {j} \omega )\cdot 2\sigma _{\frac {1}{2}}(\omega )\\&amp;=X(\mathrm {j} \omega )+X(\mathrm {j} \omega )\cdot \operatorname {sgn}(\omega )\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36f283e031201e32f72decdd05b724be2f6ad514.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:33.883ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{a}(\mathrm {j} \omega )&amp;=X(\mathrm {j} \omega )\cdot 2\sigma _{\frac {1}{2}}(\omega )\\&amp;=X(\mathrm {j} \omega )+X(\mathrm {j} \omega )\cdot \operatorname {sgn} (\omega )\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei bezeichnet ω die <a href="Kreisfrequenz" title="Kreisfrequenz">Kreisfrequenz</a> und j die <a href="Imagin%C3%A4re_Einheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaginäre Einheit">imaginäre Einheit</a>. Die inverse Fourier-Transformation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}^{-1}}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/798153399d91ed4f7c88fa012bd0fabe708c4de2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.336ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}^{-1}}" loading="lazy"></span> erfolgt nach der Konvention der unsymmetrischen Normierung. Im Weiteren zeigt sich die Bildungsvorschrift für das analytische Zeitsignal <i>x</i><sub>a</sub>(<i>t</i>) aus dem Zeitsignal <i>x</i>(<i>t</i>).
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{a}(t)&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,x(t)\ast {\frac {1}{\pi t}}\\&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,{\mathcal {H}}\{x(t)\}\\&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,{\hat {x}}(t)\\\end{aligned}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{a}(t)&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,x(t)\ast {\frac {1}{\pi t}}\\&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,{\mathcal {H}}\{x(t)\}\\&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,{\hat {x}}(t)\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b08b39f65e86108d3734cd2fbfe52fbe144365c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.928ex; margin-bottom: -0.243ex; width:26.029ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{a}(t)&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,x(t)\ast {\frac {1}{\pi t}}\\&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,{\mathcal {H}}\{x(t)\}\\&amp;=x(t)+\mathrm {j} \,{\hat {x}}(t)\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei stellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ast }">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f1858484bef51b1435c2b986c728a81788051803.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.079ex; margin-bottom: -0.25ex; width:1.162ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ast }" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Faltung_(Mathematik)" title="Faltung (Mathematik)">Faltungsoperation</a> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/19ef4c7b923a5125ac91aa491838a95ee15b804f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.964ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Hilbert-Transformation" title="Hilbert-Transformation">Hilbert-Transformation</a> dar. Bei einem analytischen Signal trägt der Imaginärteil in Bezug zu dem Realteil keinen zusätzlichen <a href="Informationsgehalt" title="Informationsgehalt">Informationsgehalt</a>.
</p>
<dl><dt>Beispiel</dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Das reelle Zeitsignal <i>x</i>(<i>t</i>), bestehend aus einer <a href="Sinusschwingung" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinusschwingung">Cosinusschwingung</a>, besitzt das analytische Signal <i>x</i><sub>a</sub>(<i>t</i>). Durch die Fourier-Transformation der <a href="Eulersche_Identit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulersche Identität">eulerschen Identität</a> zeigt sich, dass <i>x</i><sub>a</sub>(<i>t</i>) ein einseitiges Spektrum ohne <a href="Negative_Frequenz" title="Negative Frequenz">negative Frequenzen</a> besitzt.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&amp;x(t)=\cos(\omega _{0}t)&amp;\Rightarrow \quad &amp;x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)=\cos(\omega _{0}t)+\mathrm {j} \,\sin(\omega _{0}t)=\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \omega _{0}t},\quad \forall t\omega _{0}\geq 0\\&amp;\Downarrow &amp;&amp;\Downarrow \\&amp;X(\mathrm {j} \omega )={\frac {\delta (\omega +\omega _{0})}{2}}+{\frac {\delta (\omega -\omega _{0})}{2}}&amp;&amp;X_{a}(\mathrm {j} \omega )=\delta (\omega -\omega _{0})\\\end{aligned}}}">
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<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&amp;x(t)=\cos(\omega _{0}t)&amp;\Rightarrow \quad &amp;x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)=\cos(\omega _{0}t)+\mathrm {j} \,\sin(\omega _{0}t)=\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \omega _{0}t},\quad \forall t\omega _{0}\geq 0\\&amp;\Downarrow &amp;&amp;\Downarrow \\&amp;X(\mathrm {j} \omega )={\frac {\delta (\omega +\omega _{0})}{2}}+{\frac {\delta (\omega -\omega _{0})}{2}}&amp;&amp;X_{a}(\mathrm {j} \omega )=\delta (\omega -\omega _{0})\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d6c83903dc7fb44b29aef3c31a938308e68872f9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.338ex; width:91.176ex; height:11.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&amp;x(t)=\cos(\omega _{0}t)&amp;\Rightarrow \quad &amp;x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)=\cos(\omega _{0}t)+\mathrm {j} \,\sin(\omega _{0}t)=\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \omega _{0}t},\quad \forall t\omega _{0}\geq 0\\&amp;\Downarrow &amp;&amp;\Downarrow \\&amp;X(\mathrm {j} \omega )={\frac {\delta (\omega +\omega _{0})}{2}}+{\frac {\delta (\omega -\omega _{0})}{2}}&amp;&amp;X_{a}(\mathrm {j} \omega )=\delta (\omega -\omega _{0})\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darstellungen">Darstellungen</h2></div>

<p>Wie jede komplexe Zahl kann das analytische Signal auch in <a href="Polarkoordinaten" title="Polarkoordinaten">komplexer Polardarstellung</a> ausgedrückt werden.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)={\underline {\gamma }}(t)=A(t)\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \varphi (t)}\,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)={\underline {\gamma }}(t)=A(t)\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \varphi (t)}\,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/61781d65bf8a1f5d28569171261568239009d4a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.013ex; margin-bottom: -0.825ex; width:24.637ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)={\underline {\gamma }}(t)=A(t)\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \varphi (t)}\,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei wird γ(<i>t</i>) als die <i>komplexe Einhüllende</i>, <i>A</i>(<i>t</i>) als die <i>Betragseinhüllende</i> und φ(<i>t</i>) als die <i>Momentanphase</i> bezeichnet.
</p><p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A(t)=|x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)|={\sqrt {x^{2}(t)+{\hat {x}}^{2}(t)}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A(t)=|x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)|={\sqrt {x^{2}(t)+{\hat {x}}^{2}(t)}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f032f69aa9c3bc4dec6ac3277f2d6a35e3383183.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:32.145ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A(t)=|x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)|={\sqrt {x^{2}(t)+{\hat {x}}^{2}(t)}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi (t)=\arg \left\{x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)\right\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>arg</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi (t)=\arg \left\{x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)\right\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/09d0d5ab7f8444bdec1237f205f01b3acf84a6ce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi (t)=\arg \left\{x_{\mathrm {a} }(t)\right\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>

<p>Von Bedeutung ist diese Darstellung in der <a href="Nachrichtentechnik" title="Nachrichtentechnik">Nachrichtentechnik</a>, da sich damit ein polarer Modulator ansteuern lässt, wohingegen sich der Real- und Imaginärteil zum Ansteuern eines kartesischen Modulators (<a href="IQ-Modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="IQ-Modulation">IQ-Modulator</a>) eignet. Durch das Zusammenspiel mit einem entsprechend konstruierten Leistungsverstärker (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic"><i>Power Amplifier</i></span> abgekürzt <i>PA</i>), hat das erstgenannte System einen besseren Wirkungsgrad.
</p><p>Ein moduliertes Signal <i>m</i>(<i>t</i>) wird dabei aus der Trägerfrequenz <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega _{T}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega _{T}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4a44b25a958bf54e1c2292c2b2abd86ca11f6314.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.067ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega _{T}}" loading="lazy"></span> und der komplexen Einhüllenden entsprechend der folgenden Gleichung erzeugt.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m(t)=\Re \left({\underline {\gamma }}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{j\Omega _{T}t}\right)=A(t)\cdot \cos(\Omega _{T}t+\varphi (t))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">ℜ<!-- ℜ --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m(t)=\Re \left({\underline {\gamma }}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{j\Omega _{T}t}\right)=A(t)\cdot \cos(\Omega _{T}t+\varphi (t))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/84d3396aed6f6e806aa1fa353ed9be6caa7c6efa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.511ex; margin-bottom: -0.327ex; width:48.298ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m(t)=\Re \left({\underline {\gamma }}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{j\Omega _{T}t}\right)=A(t)\cdot \cos(\Omega _{T}t+\varphi (t))}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modulation">Modulation</h2></div>

<p>Durch Multiplikation lässt sich auf die Trägerfrequenz <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega _{T}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega _{T}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4a44b25a958bf54e1c2292c2b2abd86ca11f6314.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.067ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega _{T}}" loading="lazy"></span> ein komplexes Signal <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fc230de3042d885e02b5d2e8914bcc34f1a41aad.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.987ex; margin-left: -0.003ex; margin-bottom: -0.851ex; width:3.81ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> aufprägen, wodurch das komplexe modulierte Signal <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9cdf1f5e875ed49ebee107e569daf00563f42f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:4.692ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> entsteht. Die <a href="Demodulation" title="Demodulation">Demodulation</a> erfolgt durch Multiplikation mit einem komplexen Zeiger der in entgegengesetzter Richtung rotiert.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)={\underline {g}}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)={\underline {g}}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/69489cad7d70b93a7587f1d6641ba8e3dcfa44d8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.987ex; margin-bottom: -0.851ex; width:17.928ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)={\underline {g}}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)={\underline {m}}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)={\underline {m}}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6414f95c4a460a0c210cfd8557780a02f16786e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.987ex; margin-left: -0.003ex; margin-bottom: -0.851ex; width:19.21ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)={\underline {m}}(t)\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mi>T</mi>
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<mi>t</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/66cfd24556bdfe47ffd6acc840de79b995b7ce37.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:16.522ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}=1}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Realteil und der Imaginärteil erfordern jeweils einen eigenen Übertragungspfad. In der Praxis wird oft darauf verzichtet. Durch Rechnung zeigt sich, dass es sich beim modulierten Signal <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>m</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9cdf1f5e875ed49ebee107e569daf00563f42f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:4.692ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> um ein analytisches Signal handelt, also der Imaginärteil redundant zum Realteil vorliegt, womit auch nur einer von beiden übertragen werden muss.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)=\left[\Re ({\underline {g}}(t))+\mathrm {j} \Im ({\underline {g}}(t))\right]\ \cdot \ \left[\cos(\Omega _{T}t)+\mathrm {j} \sin(\Omega _{T}t)\right]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>]</mo>
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<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
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<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
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<mi>cos</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mi>sin</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mi>T</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mo>]</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)=\left[\Re ({\underline {g}}(t))+\mathrm {j} \Im ({\underline {g}}(t))\right]\ \cdot \ \left[\cos(\Omega _{T}t)+\mathrm {j} \sin(\Omega _{T}t)\right]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a31ac9beda93f145b7cf1db73a41f60274ae7f4e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.511ex; margin-bottom: -0.327ex; width:54.228ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)=\left[\Re ({\underline {g}}(t))+\mathrm {j} \Im ({\underline {g}}(t))\right]\ \cdot \ \left[\cos(\Omega _{T}t)+\mathrm {j} \sin(\Omega _{T}t)\right]}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Vorausgesetzt bei <i>x</i>(<i>t</i>) handelt es sich um ein bandbegrenztes Signal, dessen Frequenzanteile oberhalb von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega _{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega _{0}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9a713d16c489051d4f515e12b1f86061c6be799b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.5ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega _{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Amplitude" title="Amplitude">Amplitude</a> von null aufweisen, dann gilt folgende Hilbert-Transformation:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}\{x(t)\cdot \cos(\omega _{0}t)\}=x(t)\cdot \sin(\omega _{0}t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">H</mi>
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<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
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<mn>0</mn>
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<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}\{x(t)\cdot \cos(\omega _{0}t)\}=x(t)\cdot \sin(\omega _{0}t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7b1ecd815a663c9cf11eca4a9b354d8445b49611.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:34.967ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}\{x(t)\cdot \cos(\omega _{0}t)\}=x(t)\cdot \sin(\omega _{0}t)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)=m(t)+\mathrm {j} {\mathcal {H}}\{m(t)\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)=m(t)+\mathrm {j} {\mathcal {H}}\{m(t)\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5dac6742f7aaf484c724e8d692f80ec15e0d0f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:25.01ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {m}}(t)=m(t)+\mathrm {j} {\mathcal {H}}\{m(t)\}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Imaginärteil lässt sich Empfängerseitig durch die Hilbert-Transformation regenerieren.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m(t)=\Re \left({\underline {g}}(t)\right)\cdot \cos(\Omega _{T}t)-\Im \left({\underline {g}}(t)\right)\cdot \sin(\Omega _{T}t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m(t)=\Re \left({\underline {g}}(t)\right)\cdot \cos(\Omega _{T}t)-\Im \left({\underline {g}}(t)\right)\cdot \sin(\Omega _{T}t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b13d520e6e4d3f681219f01aa17fe3d587b32742.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.511ex; margin-bottom: -0.327ex; width:48.537ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m(t)=\Re \left({\underline {g}}(t)\right)\cdot \cos(\Omega _{T}t)-\Im \left({\underline {g}}(t)\right)\cdot \sin(\Omega _{T}t)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)=\left[m(t)+\mathrm {j} {\mathcal {H}}\{m(t)\}\right]\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mo>]</mo>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)=\left[m(t)+\mathrm {j} {\mathcal {H}}\{m(t)\}\right]\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d5024380310c572a3a5c4e23361bdff86c43294.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.987ex; margin-left: -0.003ex; margin-bottom: -0.851ex; width:33.031ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {g}}(t)=\left[m(t)+\mathrm {j} {\mathcal {H}}\{m(t)\}\right]\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {j} \Omega _{T}t}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Neben dem gezeigten Verfahren existieren weitere Möglichkeiten zum Erzeugen und Auflösen des gleichen modulierten Signals.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Karl-Dirk Kammeyer, Kristian Kroschel: <cite style="font-style:italic">Digitale Signalverarbeitung</cite>. 6. Auflage. Teubner, 2006, ISBN 3-8351-0072-6.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Analytisches+Signal&amp;rft.au=Karl-Dirk+Kammeyer%2C+Kristian+Kroschel&amp;rft.btitle=Digitale+Signalverarbeitung&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.edition=6.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=3835100726&amp;rft.pub=Teubner" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/mdft/Analytic_Signals_Hilbert_Transform.html">Analytic Signals and Hilbert Transform Filters</a> (engl.)</li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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